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The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious and deadly virus that has infected more than 50 000 people and killed more than 1 000 people in 25 countries around the world. People who infected by the novel coronavirus may suffer from fever and cough, some may gradually appear breathing difficulties and other serious manifestations, some severe patients may have acute respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock leading to death. However, there are no definite and effective antiviral drugs for the novel coronavirus pneumonia all around the world. Therefore, this article aims to provide new idea for the effective treatment of the novel coronavirus pneumonia by summarizing the basic research and clinical progress of antiviral drugs at home and abroad.
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OBJECTIVE:To optimize formulation matrix of processed Aconitum carmichaelii hydrogel patch,and to investigate its in vitro drug release.METHODS:The ratio of NP700,dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate,tartaric acid and PVP K90 in processed A.carmichaelii hydrogel patch matrix was optimized by central composite design-response surface method (CCD-RSM) with initial adhesion,peel strength and sensory evaluation as evaluation indexes.The modified Franz diffusion cell method was used for in vitro drug release test processed A.carmichaelii hydrogel patch using accumulative release amount of six ester type alkaloids benzene [benzoyl mesaconine (BM),benzoyl aconitum (BA),benzoylhy paconine (BH),mesaconitine (MT),hypaconitine (HT) and aconitine (AT)] as evaluation indexes.RESULTS:The optimal matrix formulation was NP700-dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate-tartaric acid-PVP K90 (1.72 ∶ 0.10 ∶ 0.02 ∶ 1.65,m/m/m/m).In validation test,the contents of six ester type alkaloids were 52.77,28.52,28.78,8.81,8.75,8.21 μg/g(RSD＜5％,n=3),comprehensive score was 118.67 ± 1.33 (RSD=4.62％,n=3).The release behavior of BM in vitro conformed to the Higuchi equation.The release behaviors of other 5 alkaloids were consistent with the Higuchi equation.12 h accumulative release amounts of BM,BA,BH,MT,HT and AT were 12.04,2.95,3.55,2.64,2.48,1.97 μg/cm2,respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The processed A.carmichaelii hydrogei patch prepared by matrix prescription is good in appearance,adhesion and in vitro release.The research can provide a basis for the development of new dosage form of processed A.carmichaelii.
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Objective: To investigate the ultrasound-assisted extraction process of Pogostemon cablin. Methods: Taking the extraction time (min), ethanol concentration (％), and liquid-solid ratio (mL · g-1) as influence factors, patchouli alcohol (PA) content as index, single-factor test was applied to the investigation of extraction-process of Pogostemon cablin. By ultrasonic-assisted extraction, the GC-FID was used to determine the PA content in extract. Results: The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: the ultrasonic time was 30 min, the ethanol concentration was 95％, and liquid-solid ratio was 20∶1 mL·g-1. Under this condition, the extraction rate and the content of PA were 32.75％, and0.15％ respectively. Conclusion: This extraction method is simple, but has higher extraction rate. It is suitable for the industrial production.
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Objective@#Leukocyte mediated IL-6 (IL-6) plays an important role in chronic viral hepatitis pathogenesis and related liver diseases, We did a large sample-size case-control study and clinical data analysis to find association between IL-6 single nucleotide polymorphism and HBV susceptibility, and to achieve the detection of the body on the expression of IL-6 for the prevention and treatment of HBV infection.@*Methods@#Totally 848 HBV patients and 894 healthy controls in Shenzhen were selected and rs1800796 genotypes were determined by TaqMan assays.@*Results@#The result showed that rs1800796 polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to HBV infection (P=0.0003, odds ratio (OR)=1.43, the difference was statistically significant.@*Conclusions@#The single nucleotide polymorphism of IL-6rs1800796 locus was associated with the susceptibility of HBV infection in Chinese population, and the rs1800796 G allele is a protective gene for HBV infection.
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Insertional mutagenesis is a widely used method to determine the function(s) of a gene. To study the function(s) of the gene nsdAmgh in Streptomyces roseoflavus, a homologous recombination vector pSRNA2500 was structured in this paper. The recombination donor vector was then transformed into Strempomyces roseoflavus strain Men-myco-93-63 by conjugative transfer. The transformants were subjected to selection under the pressure of high temperature and appropriate antibiotics. As a result, several disrupted mutants of nsdAmgh gene, with a phenotype of Am(s)Km(r), were isolated and verified using PCR and Dot-blotting and Southern blotting hybridization methods. Functional analysis showed that the disrupted mutants of nsdAmgh had a two-fold higher inhibition against Verticillium dahlia Kleb than that of the wild strain Men-myco-93-63, which all will provide a new study route for future research about positive and negative regulator in Men-myco-93-63.
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Genes, Bacterial , Genetic Vectors , Mutagenesis, Insertional , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Streptomyces , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect and factors of patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) for isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis.Methods Data of 18 patients (3 males,15 females) with isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis underwent PFA from March 2006 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 3 males and 15 females with a mean age of 54 years (range,46-74 years).It was strict to grasp the surgical indications according to the clinical symptoms,signs and imaging data preoperatively.11 patients were operated with AVON patellofemoral prosthesis (Stryker Inc.) and the other 7 patients were operated with the Gender Solutions patellofemoral prosthesis (Zimmer Inc.).Active and passive functional rehabilitation exercise was encouraged at the early stage after operation.Visual analogue scale (VAS) was 5.33±0.99 (range,4-7) and hospital for special surgery knee score (HSS) was 53.28±5.71 (range,44-63) before operation.Results The mean duration of follow-up was 63.98 months (range,6-104 months).VAS after operation for 1 and 3 months were 1.17±0.79 (range,0-3) and 0.72±0.67 (range,0-2),and the pain was almost relieved after 9 months.HSS after operation for 1,3,9 months were 70.06±6.33 (range,61-80),86.06±5.12 (range,77-95) and 91.39±4.83 (range,82-97).HSS score of the latest follow-up was 92.06±4.05 (range,84-97),which was improved obviously from the preoperative ones.The excellent and good rate was 100％ (excellent 15 cases,good 3 cases).The satisfactory rate was 94.4％ (17/18).Only one case got slightly knee pain when walking up and down the stairs after 2 years,and the pain was relieved after being administered with NSAIDs and rest.No incision infection,rupture,prosthesis supported bone fracture,prosthesis loosening and other complication was occurred during the follow-up period in the other patients.Conclusion The clinical outcomes of PFA are strictly related to surgical indications,implant design and appropriate surgical technique.Therefore,based on the appropriate PFA implants,strict surgical indications,appropriate patients,excellent operation skills and actively functional rehabilitation exercise,PFA could treat the isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis effectively.
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KLD-12 peptide with a sequence of AcN-KLDLKLDLKLDL-CNH(2) was synthesized and its biocompatibility was assessed in animals. Rabbit MSCs were cultured in the hydrogel for 2 weeks. Live cells were counted by using Calcein-AM/PI fluorescence staining. MTT was employed to assess the viability of MSCs cultured in KLD-12 peptide solution of 0.01%, 0.03%, and 0.05%. Hemolysis test, skin irritation test and implantation test were conducted to evaluate its biocompatibility with host tissues. Our results demonstrated that the MSCs in hydrogel grew well and maintained round shape. Cell survival rate was 92.15% (mean: 92.15%+/-1.17%) at the 7th day and there was no difference in survival rate between day 7 and day 14. Cell proliferation test showed that the A value of the KLD-12 solutions was not significantly different from that of control groups (complete culture media) (P>0.05) at the 24th and 48th h. The hemolysis rate of KLD-12 solution was 0.112%. Skin irritation test showed that the skin injected with KLD-12 solution remained normal and the score of skin irritation was 0. The histological examination with HE staining exhibited that the skin layers were clear and there was no infiltration with neutrophilic granulocytes and lymphocytes. It is concluded that KLD-12 peptide hydrogel had a good biocompatibility with host rabbit and MSCs, and KLD-12 peptide hydrogel can provide an appropriate microenvironment for MSCs.
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Rapid prototyping technology, a kind of novel digital prototyping technology developed in mid-1980s based on a principle of discrete and accumulation, which fabricates a prototype by accurate accumulation of material according to the CAD models or CT data under the control of the computer without any other device. In recent years, it has shown a great application prospect in the field of orthopedics combined with three-dimensional image reconstruction of spiral CT and MRL In this article, review is given on the application development of rapid prototyping technology in orthopedics, such as organ model preparation and surgical planning, customized implant and bone tissue engineering porosity scaffold fabrication.
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Objective To evaluate the biocompatibility of porous drug implant scaffolds prepared by 3D printing technique. Methods Porous drug implant scaffolds were fabricated by 3D printing technique, and a series of tests were carried out to validate the biocompatibility, including acute systemic toxicity, hot source test, local irritation reaction, micronucleus test, muscle implant test and so on. Results The porous drug implant scaffolds showed no acute systemic toxicity, no pyrogenetic effect, no local erythema and edema in local irritation re-action, hemolysis rate of 0.29%, no cellular genetoxic. No local tissue denaturation, necrosis and exclusion were found in intramuscular implant test. Conclusion With good biocompatibility, the porous drug implant scaffold fabricated by 3D printing technique can meet the clinical requirement for biomaterial.
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In this study, the bioactivity of a novel BMP2-derived oligopeptide P24 was investigated by using the model of rabbit femoral defect after loaded in the biodegradable poly (lactic acid / glycolic acid / asparagic acid-co-polyethylene glycol) (PLGA-[ASP-PEG]). A 1.5-cm unilateral segmental bone defect was created in the left femoral diaphysis in each of the 30 new zealand white rabbits. The defects of 18 legs filled with BMP2-derived peptide P24 combined with PLGA-[ASP-PEG] scaffold serves as the experimental group, and the defects in the rest 12 rabbits filled with (PLGA-[ASP-PEG]) without P24 as control group. The bone-repairing capability in the target region of the two group was grossly, radiologically, histopathologically and biomechanically evaluated 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the operation. Our results showed that in each group, primary healing of incision was achieved in the two groups. Radiographically, in experimental group, defects were filled with induced callus within 8 weeks, and a cortical bone-like structure was observed in some animals at the 12th week. According to the standardized stage of bone defect repair, 9 (64.28%) achieved grade-4 healing. In contrast, little bone formation was seen in the defects even 12 weeks after the operation, and 5 (62.50%) had grade 0 healing in this group. Histologically, tissue engineering material was mostly absorbed and cartilage was found around implants in the experimental group at the 4th week; 8 weeks after operation, the engineering material was completely absorbed, and formation of woven bone was observed and typical trabecular bone structure could be seen. In control group, 8 weeks after operation, the defect was filled with fibrous tissues, and no bone-like structure was observed. Statistical analysis showed very significant difference in biomechanical indicators between the two groups (P<0.05). It is concluded that new oligopeptide P24 can induce excellent bone regeneration and promote bone repair.
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As an essential element of tissue engineering,the shape,pore size,and porosity of the porous scaffolds have direct influence on the attachment,proliferation,and differentiation of seeding cell as well as their properties.So it is important to be able to prepare an ideal porous scaffold which is able to provide the cells with an excellent micrcenvirenment in order to support their growth and differentiation.In this article,we reviewed some kinds of the preparation technologies of the porous scaffolds for tissue engineering,including fiber bonding,emulsion freeze drying,solvent casting/particulate leaching,high-pressuro processing,gas foaming/particulate leaching,thermally induced phase separation,and electro-spinning,with focus on rapid prototyping.It is our belief that the combination of the basic technologies and the rapid prototyping technology which is able to control the properties of the scaffolds and could be applied for individualized scaffold construction would be the major focus of research in the future.
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Implant drug delivery system(IDDS) is helpful to the therapy of infection、tuberculosis and tumor of bone. With the development of tissue engineering, various materials has been used as the carriers for the IDDS. Research of the carrier materials used in implant drug delivery system is reviewed in this article.